What is the characteristic wave formation associated with Atrial Flutter?

Atrial flutter is characterized by a distinct "saw-toothed" wave formation, often referred to as "F-waves" or flutter waves. This pattern typically appears in a regular, rhythmic fashion on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and is most commonly seen in leads II, III, and aVF. The "saw-tooth" appearance is created by the rapid reentrant circuit within the right atrium, causing the atrial muscles to contract at a faster rate (typically around 240 to 340 beats per minute). This results in the characteristic F-waves that can have varying degrees of amplitude and morphology, but the overall pattern is key to recognizing atrial flutter.

In contrast to the saw-tooth formation, flat wave formations, irregular wave peaks, or circular wave formations do not accurately represent the atrial activity associated with atrial flutter. Instead, these waveforms might be associated with other types of arrhythmias or conditions but lack the specific structuring that is quintessentially seen in atrial flutter. Understanding this characteristic wave formation is crucial for identifying atrial flutter on an ECG and differentiating it from other types of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias.