What effect do ACE inhibitors have on blood pressure?

ACE inhibitors, or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors, work primarily by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By blocking the formation of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors lead to vasodilation, which is the widening of blood vessels. This vasodilation reduces vascular resistance, resulting in lower blood pressure.

Additionally, ACE inhibitors help reduce the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention, further contributing to lower blood pressure by decreasing blood volume. The combined effect of vasodilation and reduced blood volume provides a significant antihypertensive effect, making ACE inhibitors a key component in the management of high blood pressure and conditions such as heart failure.

Understanding the mechanism of action helps clarify how ACE inhibitors can effectively lower blood pressure in patients, making this choice the most accurate representation of their pharmacological effect.